Table: underground rail systems

This table provides statistical information on the underground train systems in five major cities in four countries, the USA, Britain, France and Japan.

The oldest and the longest is London which opened in 1863, and span 394 kms. next, in same period of age, opened 1900, and length, 199 kms, is Paris. Third in both age, established in 1927, and length, 155 kms, is Tokyo. Both Kyoto, opened in 1981, and Boston, 2001, are younger and shorter, 11 kms and 28 kms in that order. In terms of passenger numbers, however, in 2010 Tokyo was the busiest, with 192M passengers, directly followed by Paris with 189M. London, with 77M, Boston with 50M and Kyoto, 45M, all carried remote less passengers.

In brief, the two oldest underground rail systems are also the longest, while the two newest are the shortest and carried the smallest number of passengers in 2010. The busiest, just ahead of Paris, was Tokyo’s.

Total words: 153

Argument essay about smoking.

This is an observation which has become more and more widespread in the world inrecent years. Nowadays, around the world, on all airlines and in most public places like Malls and shopping centers, smoking is strictly prohibited.

There are still smokers who often justify smoking by as an individual freedom. They insist that they have a right to expend their money as they desire. in addition, the smoking gives them pleasure and also benefits them by helping them to calm down and relieve stress.  for myself I agree with this point of view because I am a smoker and I fell of all that, but I also believe that freedom of choice and action as long as this does not be in somebody's space. So people can smoke but in private locations where no non-smokers are around.

In fact , smoking in public areas causes  a lot of suffering and discomfort to non-smokers. It’s not just an issue of distress. The scientific facts that smoking damages health are unquestionable. The evidence of the links between smoking and respiratory diseases and heart problems is indisputable. Governments began to recognize this over the past years and the first steps  taken were to ban TV advertising of tobacco products and to oblige cigarette manufacturers to place health warnings on cigarette packets. There is also passive smoking that causes health problems and because of that banning of smoking in public places was imposed worldwide.

Despite the fact that it is important to respect individual freedom it has no doubt that smoking is a damaging to society and should be prohibited in public places.

Total words: 269

Hurricanes and Turnadoes

The table describes information about two strong winds, the hurricanes and tornadoes. Both are similar in damage but they are different. I will describe the differences according to the given information in the table.
Firstly, the minimum speed of a hurricane is 74 mph, but is 40 mph of a tornado, and the maximum speed of a tornado, 250-300 mph,  which is higher than hurricane, 155-200 mph. The hurricane is classified on the Saffir-Simpson C1-5 scale, whereas the tornado is measured on the Fujita F0-F5 scale. a tornado usually lasts from a few minutes to a few hours, where a hurricane can last up to a week. A hurricane can be predicted 2-3 days in advance for a wide area and 6-10 hours in advance for a zone, but a tornado can be predicted only minutes before it hits. Hurricanes start over warm oceans but tornadoes usually originate over land.

In short, tornadoes more dangerous, as they last for a shorter period of time and can reach much higher wind speeds and cause more damage.

Total words, 177

Reflection 3

In this semester we mainly focused in two type of writing

1.    Description of graphs

2.    Problem and solution

In the first one, we started with different shapes of charts such as pie charts and normal graphs.  We focused in 3 simple paragraph construction, we started to describe one graph in the beginning and then with 2 graphs. The subjects that we covered were varied, as an example we had graphs for valentines’ day gift, date producing countries and hurricanes and tornadoes.

For the second essay we used 4 graph construction method starting with introduction to describe the problem and then stating causes, solutions and finally the conclusion of the best possible solution.We had different topics that we looked for causes and solutions from our perspective and opinions, this type of essay help me a lot to deal with such type of writing and in the same time it develop my skills for analyzing problems and finding possible solutions.

Total words: 159

Population growth, 1750 to 2150

Population is growing day after day in the entire world. The expected growth in less developed countries till the year 2150 is really huge. The illustrated graph gives an explanation of that.

As we can see in the graph the population was less than a billion in 1750s but it was raised rapidly to nearly 2 billion by 1950s. The population growth then continued after 1950 but this time it was dramatically faster as it reached in 2000s 6.1 billion and it is still growing fast. The United Nations expects the population will be 10 billion in less developed countries by 2150. On the other hand in more development countries the population in 1750s was almost the same as the poor countries which was less than one billion. The growth then was very much less and was almost 1 billion in 2000s. the united nations expects the growth in developed countries will be constant up to the year 2150 which will be less than 2 billion.

In conclusion, less developed countries population is carrying a hidden alarm that food sources, water and living areas can face a big shortage if this is continued.

Total words: 193

Construction accidents occur in the U.A.E

The U.A.E is witnessing an era of development in all its emirates; many constructions of buildings and infrastructures are good evidence of its development. There are many workers involved in the construction field and as a result many serious accidents have occurred causing them to be seriously injured or even to die.

The main reason for fatal accidents or the serious accidents is always the negligence of some construction company towards safety rules and regulations; as an example they don’t provide safe environment for their labourers like proper guidance and instructions or proper working hours. In addition they are hiring unprofessional labourers without giving them proper safety training. Excessive pressure put on labourers by their employers to finish tasks on certain duration to precede the work schedule without taking into consideration their mental/psychological condition contributes heavily to the problem. The labourers themselves contribute to the problem as well; some of them do not follow safety procedures nor use the proper tools or materials nor the proper safety gear.

One solution to avoid accidents is to ensure the companies adhere to safety regulations and rules; they must ensure the adherence of their labourers to safety regulations. Companies must rely more on professional labourers and provide safety training in addition to assigning permanent safety supervisor to monitor and guide the laborers. On the other hand labourers must be more careful in their career; they must know that they are the ones who are in charge in the first place about their safety, so their adherence to safety rules is a must.

These are some ideas to prevent accidents in construction fields; however accidents will never stop but can be prevented or at least can be minimized.

Total words: 283

SYNONYMS1

1.    In front of = ahead of

2.    Discovered = found

3.    Impedes = obstructs

4.    Pace = speed

5.    Glaring = staring

6.    Likely = probable

7.    Spot =see

8.    Course = direction

9.    Confessed = admitted

10. Journey = trip